References for Ingenia article


The scenarios modelled in the DfT's Feasibility Study of Road Pricing in the UK show a reduction in urban congestion of nearly half, with about a 5% reduction in all traffic
Department for Transport, 2004. Feasibility study of road pricing in the UK , Annex B.

Vickrey's first degree was in Mathematics and Electrical Engineering from Yale, and he shared the Nobel Prize for Economics in 1996. In his ideal world, engineering economics would occupy a position of prominence and efficient pricing would be a central element of good engineering practice.
William Vickrey: contributions to public policy R. Arnott, International Tax and Public Finance 5(1998), 93-113.

P. Hills and P. Blythe. 2002. For whom the road tolls? Ingenia 14, 21-28.

Privacy is a critical issue since charges, if they are to target congestion, need to be specific in space and time. Our attitudes in this area are evolving rapidly. Each time we use, or choose not to use, a mobile phone, an Oyster card or a Tesco Clubcard we learn a little more of our own individual trade-off between personalisation, convenience and privacy. As more and more personal data is collected, the focus of the privacy debate is moving from data collection to higher-level questions on data access and the algorithms which can search and correlate across databases.
Data Mashing. Foundation for Science and Technology Journal 19:2 , 14-17.

Beckmann, M., McGuire, C.B. and Winsten, C.B. 1956 Studies in the Economics of Transportation. Cowles Commission Monograph, Yale University Press.

Wardrop, J.G. 1952 Some theoretical aspects of road traffic research. Proc. Inst. Civil Eng. 1, 325--378.

Reliability as well as time has value, and some studies indicate a higher value of reliability for women than men, possibly because child-care responsibilities reduce their scheduling flexibility. This may explain the consistent finding across many studies that, other things being equal, women are more likely than men to choose the tolled road or the HOT lane.
D. Brownstone and K A. Small 2005 Valuing time and reliability: assessing the evidence from road pricing demonstrations.

Transport for London: Impacts Monitoring, and Technology Trials

The amount of time spent travelling and the fraction of income devoted to transport vary substantially from individual to individual. However, averages over a population have been remarkably stable over a very wide range of geographical and cultural settings, historical periods and transport technologies. As technologies have advanced and our incomes have increased, we have travelled faster and further.
A. Schafer and D.G. Victor (2000) The future mobility of the world population, Transportation Research A34(3), 171-205.

About Fastrak.

Norwich Union's pay-as-you-drive.


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